diff --git a/src/game/game.c b/src/game/game.c
index a138369..3bbb57e 100644
--- a/src/game/game.c
+++ b/src/game/game.c
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
 
 void game_init(game_data* dat) {
     (void)dat;
-    error(STATUS_ERROR, "function not defined");
+    //error(STATUS_ERROR, "function not defined");
 }
 
 void game_update(game_data* dat) {
     (void)dat;
-    error(STATUS_ERROR, "function not defined");
+    //error(STATUS_ERROR, "function not defined");
 }
 
 void game_free(game_data* dat) {
diff --git a/src/window/render.c b/src/window/render.c
index 65a488e..20f97c8 100644
--- a/src/window/render.c
+++ b/src/window/render.c
@@ -1,19 +1,42 @@
 #include "render.h"
 
+#include <SDL_error.h>
+#include <SDL_render.h>
+#include <SDL_video.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <wchar.h>
+
 #include "../error.h"
 #include "../game/game.h"
+#include "colour/colour32.h"
 
 void render_init(render_data* const rdat, game_data const* const gdat) {
-    (void)rdat, (void)gdat;
-    error(STATUS_ERROR, "function not implemented");
+    SDL_Window* const window = SDL_CreateWindow(NULL, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, 100, 100, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN);
+    if (window == NULL)
+        error(ERROR_SDL_RENDERING_INIT, "failed to create a window. SDL Error: %s", SDL_GetError());
+
+    // rendere using vsync to limit updates to the refresh rate of the monitor
+    SDL_Renderer* const renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, -1, SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC | SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED);
+    if (renderer == NULL)
+        error(ERROR_SDL_RENDERING_INIT, "failed to create a renderer. SDL Error: %s", SDL_GetError());
+
+    *rdat = (render_data){
+        window,
+        renderer,
+        gdat,
+    };
 }
 
 void render_update(render_data const* const rdat) {
-    (void)rdat;
-    error(STATUS_ERROR, "function not implemented");
+    set_colour32(rdat->renderer, COLOUR32_BLACK);
+    SDL_RenderClear(rdat->renderer);
+
+    // present the renderer
+    SDL_RenderPresent(rdat->renderer);
 }
 
 void render_free(render_data* const rdat) {
     (void)rdat;
-    error(STATUS_ERROR, "function not implemented");
+    error(STATUS_ERROR, "function render_free(render_data*) not implemented");
 }